Improvement in spindles and fliers



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Letters PatentNo. 94,640, dated September 7, 1869.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame To whom it maycoaeeru 13e it known that I, JEAN JOSEPH JULESIIER-RARI), of Reims, in -the Empire ot' France, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Spinning-Machines; and I hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, ret'-erence being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of Iny invention is to produce a new kind of throstlet`rame,which I call a self-acting throstleframe.7 V

The two results I have proposed to accomplish by the system which I havedevised are the following:

` First. To direct the thread, when it comes out from thedrawing-cylinders, in such manner as to cause it to divergegradnally,but constantly, from the axis of its course., and to thus withdraw itfrom and neutralize the injurious effects of the centrifugal force.

Second. Toimpart to the thread therequisite amount of twist, and todistribute the windings upon cylindrical or conical cops, of pastcboardor paper, eii'ecting, simultaneously and -l-continuously, the operationsot twistil'ig and distributing, thereby giving the thread .a steadytension, and distributing, it uniformly and regularly upon th'e'bobbin.j g

i These results havebeen attained by the employment of spindles and.fliers of.peculiar'construction, as hereinafter described, and ofmechanism adapted to impart the necessary movements to the same.Y f r,

The attainment oft-bese results is conducive of sevf eral advantages,which I. will enumerate:. y

First. The machine to which my I nvention is applied performs doublework, for it is capable otrunning r twice as fast as. ordinarymachines-the spindlesturning at the rate of live ,thousand five .hundredto six thousand revolutions per minute, while' in` ordinarythrostle-frames they make but from two thousand five hundred to threethousand revolutions; and, moreover, the general action ofthe vmachineis unsubject-ed to the stoppzvlges and interruptions which constantlyoccur in mule-jennys and winders, the'operations oi' twisting and ofdistributing not being accomplished simultaneously in melatten-,butsuccessively.

Second. A more perfect thread, and one endowed with a more regulartension, is produced than can be formed in ordinary machines.

Third. It is not subject to thc oscillations and jars arising from theaction ofthe carriage in mule-jennys and winders. v

`Fourth. lt admits ot' the spinning of warp at th least possibletorsion, wit-hout cutting the thread, and also of spinning at thehighest degrees of torsion, so that a weft ot' extremely iine numbers ismade, such as could not, up to this time, be produced'by machin# erv. l

lFifth. It is productive of considerable economy in labor, as theemployment of a spinner may be dispensed with, one attendant sutlicingto direct its movement, even itl there be two hundred bobbins; and thisattendant, it' it be necessary, can oversee, at the same time, anotherframe.

Sixth. Finally, it may be applied to the spinning of all known'textilesubstances, animal or vegetable, wood, silk, cotton, ilax, Sto.,whatever may be their degree of ineness, aud the usc for which thethread is intended.

I will indicate in this description the two particular arrangementswhich I give to my new kind of spinning-machine, intended, especially,lthe one to spin thread for the warp on cylindrical cops or pasteboardtubes-that is to say, a machiueqtbr spinning the warp the other to spinthread for the woot` or conical coptubes--t. e., a machine for spinningweft.

p rlhe hobhinsV obtained in the two -ases have the truuco-conicalsha'tperequired for the weaving.

The nature ot' my invention will be readily understood by reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which are represented the spindles andfliers invented by me, and the mechanisms required to operate the sameproperly. l i

The machine for spinning the warp is represented in Sheets I and II;that for spinning the' weft in Sheet III.

The-se two machines have, in common, the spindles andiers devised by me;but they are distinguished from each other by the mechanisms employed toact with the said spindles and fiiers, according as the thread isintended for thc warp or for the woef, and according to'wbether the copupon which the thread is wound is cylindrical or conical.

In the warp-machine, `the mechanism is analogous to that of ordinarybobhin and ily-frames, the variable speed being etl'ected by means ofthedouble cone, which is adapted to this machine by means of newmechanicalcombinations. With respect, however, to themachine forspinning wett, the mechanism is new, con sisting in the employmentot'two cylindrical camsthat is to say, cams presenting several successivecurves situated in parallel planes.

The characteristics which distinguish tbismachinc are the following:

First. The application of a system ot' spindles and fliers, independentof each omen-actuated by gearing in which the rotation ofthe spindlesand iiiers, which is constant and com mon to both, produces thetwisting, while the dierence in 'speed between the bobbin and the flierproduces the windin". A

Second. rlheemployment of the double cone combined with a differentialn'iovement. y

Third. Iheapplication of an escapement-movement to regulate the changeof direction of the frames.

Fourth. The'particularmodes ofregulatingthe iiiers, the spindles, thecones, the escapement-movement of the drawing cylinders, thedifferential wheel, and the bobbin and fly-frames.

The machine is symmetrical inthe direction of' its length. The headofthe loom carries the driving-pulley and all the gear-mechanism which.communicates to the bobbin and f'lyf`rames, and otherparts, the variedmovements necessary to accomplish the work.

Figure 1, Sheet I, is a front elevation of the machine. Figure 2, SheetII, is an end view of the machine as faras the red line A, fig, 1,showing, also, the vertical escapement-arl'ior f Figure 3, Sheet II,'isa View of the mechanism from the line A to the. line B, fig. 1, togetherwith a section Y of the cylinders andthe gearing-machinery, the organsof the differential movement being removed, so as to avoid complication.

, The thread, on leaving the last of the drawing-cylinders, is conductedto the spindle G (see figs. l and 3) This fiier is formed of twobranches, having a'helical slot or groove formed in one of them.One'only of these Vbranches is performingr the work. The other is usedonly to balance 'the first, and may, therefbre,

' between the pinion and the conical ring, in order to effect therevolution of vthe flier.-

lWhen a thread breaks, and it is desired to stop, so as to reunite lthethread, motion is arrested by mea-ns ofl the braken". i

This brake is moved, so as to bear against the cap interposed betweenthe spiral spring andpinion, and

' compress the spring, in such manner that the pinion becomes free orloose, and, consequently, the flier ceases to revolve.

The spindle Gr Ilot only should be arranged so that its motion can bearrested at pleasure, but it is also necessary, that after beingdisconnected from the driv'- ing-power, it should bc-capable of beingturned by other suitable means` in order that the thread may be rapidlyunwound. The spiral spring, in that case, is compressed at its twoextremities, in order to release both the spindle and the pinion orwheel n', which puts it in motion. n

This4 compression is'eifected by means similarto that employed with theflier-spring, only there are two brakes, n, which serve to arrest themovement when it becomes necessary to4 unite the ends of a brokenthread. i l The prime mover communicates movement to a horizontal arbor,A, which carries, at one end, a wheel, a, servingto transmit itsmovement to 'the principal arbor B, through the medium of gears b' andC.

This main shaft actuates- First, the fliers, on one side, by a wheel, don the other, by a wheel, These wheels cl and'e engage with pinions fandf, fixed on longitudinal shaftsll') D, which actuate thefiierspE,through the intermediation of the bevel-gear n fm.

Second, the spindles, by means of' the bevel-gear g g g, for producingthe differential movement, the. last of' which, gl, is mounted onawheel, 11, actuating,

through the pinion t', a pinion, lr, fixed on the shaft,

for regulating the intermittent movement produced by the wheels o o o.On the axis of the pinion k ,is mounted a wheel, I, which, through thecarriers'o or o,l transmits the movement to the pinions pp, xed on thelongitudinal arbors F F, and from these Varbors to the spindles G, bymeans of the bevel-gear n 'm'.l

Third, the upper cone,by means of' a pinion, q, which varies themovement, according to the twistit Iis desired to give the thread,actuating, by'means of' an intermediate wheel, fr, a wheel, s, fixed onthe shaft of the said cone. v

This cone transmits motion- First, to the escapement-movement;

Second, to the cylinders; Y

Third, to the differential wheel;

Fourth, and, consequently, to the bobbin and flyframes'. y l 4 y l. To.the Eseapement-Morenwnt.

The wheel s gears with the wheel t, fixed on one end of a shaft, whichcarries, on. its other end, a bevelled gear, u, engaging with a likegear, c, fixed on a vertical arbor, H.

This arbor has an intermittent motion, aswill be seen further on. Itmakes a halfrevolution for each layer of thread. A

The wheel c, at twopoints diametrically opposite each other, has a spaceleft without teeth, to admit of7 the movement being intermittent.

The functions of this vertical arbor will be hereafter.

2. To the Cylinders. I

On the arbor of' the upper cone is mounted a wheel, '21, which, throughthe'carriers x e', actuatcs the wheels fixed on the drawing-cylindersI,.located on each side of the machine. Y

t 3. To the Diferenltial Wheel.

4. To the Bobb'in and Fly-Frmnes.

The gear .i/"aetuatcs the toothed wheel z, fixed on the end of an arbor,L, which carries, on its otherend,

a bevel-pinion, z', actuating, alternately, the wheels .On the, end ofthe arbor wheels z, is fixedl aj pinion, a,.actuating a wheel,

On the axis of the lat-ter is mounted a pinion, al, actuating a wheel,ai', fixed, by means of the coupling O, on the transversearbol"of theframe Q.

On each end of' this arbor are screwed the bevelled wheels bIl b2,gearing with the wheels b b4, fixed on' the longitudinal arbors R R',which cause the up-anddown motion of, the frames T T. y

These longitudinal arbors carry, besides, at inter 'als apart, pinions cc1, engaging with the racks S- S, on which' are mounted the f'rames T,supporting the spiny dles G.

Toward the base of the vertical arbor I-I, hercinbefore mentioned, isfixed' a ring, all, which supports the saidarbOr, and which, at theupper part, is provided with two teeth, the faces of which are cut in anelongated spiral, forming an inclined plane.- v

TheV pawlfdz, actuated by a spiral spring, d, heilig T, which carriesthe in contact with this inclined plane, tends to cause it to, turn bypushing it, and, consequently, to communi-V support, c?.

Two angular stops, c e,mounted on a slide, f are regulated by a rightand left-hand screw, f2, which brings them together, when it is desiredto contract the bobbins, so as to form the conical ends.

The principal function of these two stops is to arrest one of thecatches c1 c, alternately, in such position that the bevel-wheel o, onthe upper end of the shaft H, may present to the pinion, u that partwhich is unprovided with teeth.

The pinionl u can, in this case, turn without communicating movement tothe bevel-wheel c; but, as soon the frame reaches the end of its course,the catch, which is in contact with one of the stops c3 c", is released,the pawl d2 pushes forward the tooth with which it is in contact, thetoothed part of the wlieel o engages with the pinion u, and the shaft Hmakes another half revolution.

0n the lower part of' the shaft H is mounted an eccentriq'V, which,through the intermediary of a lever, g1, and arm, g3, effects themovement of' the wheels z 2', throwing, alternately, the one 'and theother in gear with the pinion z', and thus causing the rising and falling oi' the frames.

Toward the upper end of the/shaft H, a pinion, i, actuates a wheel, h?,connected with ua pinion, h5.

The latter gears with a wheel, 7a4, fixed on the screw f2.

Below this wheel is a small pinion, h5, actuating the rack X, whichregulates the position ofthe belting on the cones.

I' will conclude the description of this machine by indicating briefly,the arrangement of the mechanism for facilitating the starting ofthespindles and iiiers after they have been stopped in order to piece abroken thread.

This mechanism is composed, essentially, of two fiat bars, whicbcan, atany moment desired, be removed, or displaced horizontally, by the actionof a pedal pressed by the foot. A

The fiat bars are provided with openings or slots, equal in number tothe fliers and spindles, (which should be actuated by the samemechanism,) and in these openings the hooked ends of arms attached tothe said spindles and ijiers are arranged to slide.

The operation-ot' the mechanism will be readily understood.

When a flier and its corresponding spindle are thrown out of gear, thehooks of the two arms, striking lagainst the end of their respectiveslots, push forward the fiat bars, the other slots in which move againstthe rigidv hooks of the fliers and spindlesI which are in motion. v

It results, therefore, that as soon as the pedal is pressed, the bars,in returning to their first position, draw back the'arm of' the spindleandthe arm of the flier which were displaced, and their correspondingfingers, turning also, cause the flier and spindle to resume theirmovement.

One pedal and a single pair of' bolster-plates may be employed for adozen or more spindles or fliers.

Figures 5 and 6, Sheet HI, represent the machine for spinning weft.

The features which characterize this machine are- First, the applicationof a system of spindles and fiiers, hereinbefore described. There is nodifference,

in this respect, between this machine and the one al rca-dy described,except that the spindles are conical,

instead of cylindrical, in order to distribute the yarn on conicalcop-tubes, and to form cops to be vused in the shuttles of' avi'eang-loom.

Second, the employment of two cylindrical cams, mount-ed on the samecarriage, and-intended; the one to give the varied rotary movement tothe spindles, for producing the regular distribution of the yarn, andthe other-,the varied and altcmate rectilinear move-i ment to theframes, in order to uniformly distribute the yarn on the bobbin.

Third, the arrangement of an expanding pulley, which is actuated by acone operated by. one of the cams, and serves, by this means, totransform the varied rectilinear motion produced by said cam into avaried circular movement, capable of being transmitted to the spindlesby a system of gear-wheels, so as to produce a. broken or intermittentmovement.

Fourth, the particular methods of regulating the `movement of thefiiers, of' the drawing-cylinders, and of the frames.

I will first describe the loom, and will thenexplain the principleswhich govern the construct-ion and operation of the cams.

The loom is represented in .Sheet III of the drawings- Figure 5 being alongitudinal elevation, andV Figure 6, an end elevation:

Motion is communicated, from a suitable motor, by a belt and pulley onthe horizont-al shaft A, which, by means ofthe wheels a, a', and b,causes the revolution of the horizontal shaft B.

This principal shaft B regulates the movement- First, of the fliers E,by means of a wheel, c, and engages on one side with the wheel c,-and onthe other with the wheels c c3, and thus etiects the revolution, throughthe medium of the wheels ff, of the shafts D D, which actuate the fliersby means of the pinions yny m.

Second, of the drawing-cylinders C C, by'means of the wheel b1 and thewheel h., which gears with the pinion h1, mounted on the transverseshaft H. The two pinions t h2 revolve the pinionsJr'l ligand,consequently, the cylinders.

Third, of the expanding cone T, and, consequently, of thc expansiblepulley K. The necessary movement is transmitted to the shaftjl of theexpanding cone by the wheels c1 c2, the intermediate longitudinal shaftc, and the wheels c4 c5 c. The expansible pul- .ley K is connect-ed with.thepulieyj by the belting J,

and by the binding-pulleyj5.

Fourth, of the two cams P and Q, which should have both a rotarymovement upon' their axes and a rectilinear movement.

The rotary movement is imparted by a grooved cylinder, 1, which'causesthe revolution ofa large Wheel,

l1, fixed on the axis p of' the cam l.

On the same axis is another wheel, Z", with oblique teeth, which gearswith the wheel I, mounted on the axis q of the cam Q.

The grooved cylinder Z is of such dimensions that the cams, in theirtransit, will .continue to be rotated 'by means of the constantengagement of the wheel l with the said cylinder.

The transmission of movement to the cylinder takes place through aseries of gears, not represented in the drawings.

The transit or forward movement of the cams is effected by means ofthescrew S, which, receiving a rotary movement through the wheels s1 sts s,causes the carriage It and the cams I and Q, which are carl ried by thesaine, to advance very slowly.

-The eccentric-cam l), whose axis p is horizontal, causes, by itsrotation, the movement of the roller t, attached on the angle-lever t1,on one of the arms of' which is the rack t?.

Thelatter transmits this movement; to the wheel t, I `secured upon thesame shaft with the sector t.

This sector t acts upon the rack t, which is attached to the rod oftheexpanding conel, and thus causes the latter to enter the pulley K, whichis expanded, and, consequently, moves with increased circumferentialspeed.

. The belting transmitsthis augmented speed to the .fixed pulley j,which imparts a more rapid rotation to the wheel j, which rotarymovement, through the intermediary of the wheels j 3 j, and of thewheels ol o2 o3 o, for causing the intermittent motion, is communicatedto the pinions g g, and, through them, to the spindles G G. o

The eccentric-cam Q, whiclnas well as its axis q, is inclined, acts on aroller, u, attached to the extremity of a rack, nl, which, in rising andfalling,

, causes 'the wheel u2, with oblique teeth, to turn, alternately, in theone direction and the other, this movement heilig communicated to theshaft u, pinions u* a5, shafts V V, and wheels o e.

The latter engage withfthe, nearly-vertical racks e o', imparting to thefames Z Z the desired varied movement. v

The flier and spindle revolve independently of each other, beingregulated separately by their respective gearing-the spindle with avariable speed, the flier with a uniform velocity, which is alwaysjalittle less 'than that of the spindle.

If the cop-tube has the form of a cylinder, the lz yers of the windingwill be-cylindrical, and the rate of speed of the winding will beuniform, as well as the velocity ot' the reciprocating or Yalternatemovement of the frames and spindles; but, if the cop have the form of atruncated cone, the layers of the Winding will then be trunco-conical.

It is, therefore, necessary, in order not to disturb the regularity ofthe tension and distribution of the thread, to modify the two movementswhich effect the winding. y

The feed of the thread in a certain space of timel being invariable, inorderthat its tension, produced by thev action of the spindle, may beconstantly the same, it is necessary' that the quickness `of the windingshould vary in inverse proportion 4to the different diameters ofthetubel upon which the thread is moved.

On the other hand, it will be seen, that if the rate of speed of thebobbin-frame continue uniform, the number of spirals formed by thethread will be augmented according as-:the diameter of the tubediminishes, and that, consequently, the thickness of a layer of thethread will he irregular.

In order, therefore, to distribute, evenly and equally,Y the thread in`a layer, to increase the distancebetween the spirals when their numberis augmented at any lone point, to bring them nearer each other when thenumber diminishes-'in a word, to regulate the action so that they shallconstitute a helix with a uniform angle-it is necessary to canse thevelocity of the reciprocating movement of the bobbin-fralne to vary,andrto canseA this variance to be in proportion to the quickness of thewinding-that is to say, in inverse proportion to the correspondingdiameters ofthe cop.

rIhese two movementsthe rotarymovement of the spindles, which allows thethread to be always equally stretched, and the reciprocating movement ofthe bobbinfframe, which distributes the thread upon the coptube withregularity-are obtained in the machine by means of two cams. I

' These ca ms are surfaces generated by curves whose planes areparallel.

Each curve ofthe one cam has a-curve in the other whichcorresponds toit, and it is the similarity of these two curves which produces theformation ofv a layer of thread.

The two cams receive, at the same time that they revolve uniformly,through the medium of an endless screw,a movement which causes them topresent to their respective rollers the two corresponding'curves whichare required to form a layer of the cop.

In brief, an endless screw actuates two cams, of which the one,operating the spindle, produces anequal tension` of the thread; theother, operating the bobbin-frame, causes the equal distribution of thethread in each layer;

The tracing orlaying loutl of the curves for each cam is determined bythe laws above laid down for the varied movements which they are totransmit.

These curves first being cut out in pasteboard, for example, are placedparallel with each other, at regular intervals apart, in such mannerthat their centres will lie in the 'saine line which forms theaxis ot'rotation of the cam, and their t'op edges will be in the same plane.There is thus a number of guides, sufficient to; determine thecontinuous surface of the cam.'

The patterns being made, and then vthe moulds, the v cams are cast onthe arbors which carry them, so that the cams and their shafts areperfectly and securely united.

Having now described my invention, and the Inauner in which the same isor may be carried into effect,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is'- Spindles andfliers constructed and operating substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification,before two subscribing witnesses.

i J.- J. J. PIERRARD. IVitnesses: v

J. ARMENGAUD, l?. F. RANDOLPH.

